Environmental Review Process

Energy, Utilities, and Natural Resources

Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972

This act preserves, protects, develops, and--where possible--restores or enhances the resources of the nation's coastal zone for this and future generations. The provisions of 15 CFR 930.30 assure that all federally conducted or supported activities, including development projects directly affecting the coastal zone, are consistent with approved state coastal management programs as much as possible.

Full-text of the Coastal Zone Management Act and its amendments through Cornell University

Wetland Preservation

The main regulatory tool for preserving wetlands is section 404 of the Clean Water Act, where landowners must demonstrate that plans satisfy criteria of the federal EPA. In many states landowners must also comply with state and local ordinances.

Full-text of the Clean Water Act and its amendments through Cornell University

Endangered Species Act of 1973

This act protects animal and plant species currently in danger of extinction (endangered) and those that may become endangered in the foreseeable future (threatened). The Endangered Species Act of 1973 provides for the conservation of ecosystems upon which threatened and endangered species of fish, wildlife, and plants depend, both through Federal action and by encouraging the establishment of state programs. The act:

Authorizes the determination and listing of species as endangered and threatened
Prohibits unauthorized taking, possession, sale, and transport of endangered species
Provides authority to acquire land for the conservation of listed species, using land and water conservation funds
Authorizes establishment of cooperative agreements and grants-in-aid to states that establish and maintain active and adequate programs for endangered and threatened wildlife and plants
Authorizes the assessment of civil and criminal penalties for violating the act or regulations
Authorizes the payment of rewards to anyone furnishing information leading to arrest and conviction for any violation of the act.

Section 7 of this act requires Federal agencies to ensure that all federally associated activities within the United States do not harm the continued existence of threatened or endangered species or designated areas (critical habitats) important in conserving those species.

Agencies must consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), which maintains current lists of species designated as threatened or endangered, to determine the potential impacts a project may have on protected species. The FWS has established a system of informal and formal consultation procedures. The FWS preparation of a Biological Opinion will conclude formal consultation.

Full-text of the Endangered Species Act and its amendments through Cornell University

Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 1992

Provides for improved energy efficiency. It includes provisions to allow for greater competition in energy sales and amendments to section 211 of the Federal Power Act.

Full-text of the Energy Policy Act and its amendments through Thomas Legislative Information on the Internet

Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976

Establishes public land policy and guidelines for its administration and provides for the management, protection, development, and enhancement of the public lands.

Full-text of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act and its amendments through Cornell University

Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972

Defines Federal responsibility for conservation of marine mammals, with management authority vested in the Department of the Interior for the sea otter, walrus, polar bear, dugong, and manatee.